Ideological controversy of the Ukrainian women's movement in the 1920s and 1930s.

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to clarify the ideological foundations and conditions for the development of the Ukrainian women's movement in the Ukrainian SSR and Western Ukraine in the 20s-30s. XX century. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity and scientificity. To reveal the topic of the study, problem-chronological, historical-comparative and historical-systemic research methods were used. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the comparative characterization of the ideologies of the Ukrainian women's movement, formed in the conditions of the Ukrainian lands being part of different states and different ideological systems. During the study, it was found that after the defeat of the Ukrainian National Revolution of 1917, the Ukrainian women's movement acquired a controversial character, dividing into two directions - the Soviet one, which developed in the Ukrainian SSR, and the nationalist one in Western Ukrainian lands. In Soviet Ukraine, the establishment of socialist feminism began, which rejected Western modernism and old traditions as a threat to the Marxist-Leninist worldview and proclaimed the need for women to participate in public and political life, the birth and upbringing of a new Soviet person, creating the image of a strong and strong-willed woman. In Western Ukrainian lands, there was intensive development of the Ukrainian women's movement, which combined women's aspirations for emancipation with national ideals, calling on women to participate in the national liberation struggle. This movement contributed to social changes and processes of national revival. The leader of the movement, M. Rudnytska, head of the Union of Ukrainian Women, emphasized the national character of the movement, the need to involve women in public life, the importance for Ukrainian women to carry out national work and serve the homeland.