Azerbaijani–Uzbek relations in the context of post-soviet transformation (late 20th – early 21st century)

Abstract

The article examines Azerbaijani–Uzbek relations in the context of post-Soviet transformation during the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The formation of bilateral relations is analyzed, and it is determined that their development was based on a shared Soviet historical legacy, geopolitical positioning, aspirations to strengthen sovereignty, and the search for new models of international cooperation. Particular attention is paid to political contacts between the leadership of both states and the role of interstate agreements in shaping a strategic dialogue. It is demonstrated that Azerbaijani–Uzbek interaction evolved under the influence of complex processes of establishing a new post-Soviet international system. The impact of domestic political factors, including economic reforms and security challenges, on the nature of bilateral cooperation is also considered. It is shown that a shared cultural and civilizational heritage played an important role in strengthening political dialogue, although bilateral relations developed unevenly and depended on changes in the foreign policy priorities of both countries. It is emphasized that political stability and economic modernization were key prerequisites for strengthening bilateral ties. It is concluded that Azerbaijani–Uzbek relations in the late 20th and early 21st centuries passed through a complex stage of formation amid profound political and geopolitical transformations in the post-Soviet space, while their development was shaped by a combination of shared historical experience, strategic interests, and the desire of both states to consolidate their independence. It is demonstrated that political interaction, economic cooperation, and cultural-humanitarian ties became the main pillars of stable partnership between the two countries. At the same time, the nature of relations depended on changes in the international environment, regional security challenges, and the foreign policy priorities of both states.