The Ethical System of Reasonableness: Justification of the Concept and Operationalization of Criteria

Abstract

This article presents the justification and operational analysis of the conceptual model of Reasonableness, which serves as the foundational basis for the author’s Ethical System of Reasonableness. This model functions as a universal moral mechanism, integrating Aristotle’s Golden Mean, Kant’s Deontology, and the consequential analysis of Utilitarianism to harmonize the interests of the individual, society, and nature. Furthermore, the practical applicability of the model is demonstrated across key areas, including education, science, business, governance, and social policy.

The methodology utilized includes comparative-historical analysis of classical ethical approaches and utilitarian theory; axiological and normative analysis to reveal the content of the category of Reasonableness; conceptual modeling of the model’s structure (principles, criteria, tools, and implementation mechanisms); scenario forecasting and consequences analysis; stakeholder analysis elements for conflict resolution; and analytical validation through the prism of the "challenges – solutions" formula.

The concept of Reasonableness and its core principle are defined and formulated: an activity must be beneficial to the subjects and lead to positive consequences for the widest possible circle of living beings and the environment, while also causing no harm. Six main criteria for assessing activity are operationalized (necessity, preference/desire, liking/pleasure, norm/measure, self-benefit, and consequences for others), and the "Reasonableness Scorecard" tool is proposed for analysis. Six key functions of the Reasonableness model (regulatory, evaluative, educational, worldview-forming, cognitive, and motivational) are identified, along with mechanisms for its implementation in key areas. The most critical challenges (measurability of consequences, conflicts of interest, cultural variability, uncertainty, and risk) are identified, and the key instruments for their minimization (indicators, scenario analysis, establishing "red lines," transparency, and accountability) are outlined.

It is established that Reasonableness acts as an integrative and practice-oriented ethical modelthat combines virtues and the measurability of consequences, establishing a balance between personal and collective goods. The model is scalable, particularly within the Ukrainian context, as it serves as a moral foundation for sustainable development policies, ethical governance, and social cohesion. It is concluded that future research should focus on the empirical verification of the Reasonableness criteria and the development of industry-specific application standards.