On the Formation of Ukrainian National Identity under the Influence of Historical Events of the Twentieth Century

Abstract

The evolution of national identity in Ukraine reflects a complex history shaped by political change, cultural revival and the struggle for autonomy, which contributed to the growth of Ukrainian nationalism. The topic's relevance is underscored by Ukraine's current geopolitical situation, as understanding the historical origins of Ukrainian identity allows us to understand its national resilience. An analysis of the twentieth century, marked by revolutionary movements, repression, world wars, and Soviet rule, helps better understand how Ukrainians created a collective identity independent of Russian influence despite numerous attempts at Russification and Sovietisation.

The study's purpose is to analyse the role of key historical events in the formation of Ukrainian national consciousness and the development of Ukrainian nationalism.

Research methods: analysis of scientific literature, abstraction, generalisation, systematisation.

Results of the study: Historical events in the aggregate formed a stable national consciousness. The Ukrainian Revolution cemented the desire for sovereignty, while the Holodomor and Soviet repression of the intelligentsia strengthened resistance to external control. The Second World War underscored Ukraine's unique position as nationalist movements continued to fight for independence despite intensified repression. In the post-war period, the Soviet policy of Russification intensified, but dissident movements of the 1960s and 1980s helped to preserve Ukrainian identity. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, Ukraine gained independence, which provided an opportunity to reassert national identity and revive cultural pride.

Conclusions: The formation of Ukrainian nationalism in the twentieth century demonstrates a deep resistance to external pressure and cultural assimilation. The analysis of events shows that Ukrainian national identity evolved through resistance and adaptation, ultimately contributing to a unified sense of self-determination. This evolution defines Ukraine's path, demonstrating how the historical struggle for identity has strengthened the contemporary desire for sovereignty and national pride.