The system of legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of cultural heritage protection

Abstract

Purpose of the article: To consider and analyze the features of the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of cultural heritage protection. Task: To review the state of the monument protection industry, the principles of implementing the state policy for the development of cultural heritage protection in the specified country. The research methodology was formed by the principles of historicism, systematics, general scientific methods of logic, comparative analysis, special historical methods (historiographic analysis, historical-systemic, chronological, historical-genetic, retrospective analysis, comparative-historical). The scientific novelty lies in the study of the stages of formation and development of the sphere of cultural heritage protection in the Republic of Uzbekistan, national features of the monument protection legislation of the specified country. Conclusions and results of the study. The Republic of Uzbekistan is a country of ancient civilization with are unique monuments of cultural heritage of different eras, styles and directions. Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, the period of antiquity, the state of the Turkic Khaganate, the reign of the Karakhanids, Amir Timur - all of them left outstanding monuments of spiritual and material culture.

The starting point in the legal regulation of the protection and use of cultural heritage sites is Article 49 of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, according to which citizens are obliged to protect the spiritual, historical and cultural heritage of the people of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Cultural heritage sites are protected by the state.

Legislation in the field of cultural heritage protection includes: Laws “On the Protection and Use of Historical and Cultural Heritage Sites”, “On Archives”, “On the Export and Import of Cultural Values”, “On Museums”, “On the Protection and Use of Archaeological Heritage Sites”, “On Information and Library activities”, Town Planning Code, other regulatory legal acts, as well as international agreements in which the Republic of Uzbekistan participates.

According to the degree of cultural significance, cultural heritage objects are divided into objects of republican significance and objects of local significance. In addition, taking into account the classification contained in the international legal acts (primarily referring to the UNESCO Convention "On the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage"), cultural heritage sites are divided into three groups: monuments, ensembles, and sights.

The Republic of Uzbekistan has implemented the provisions of the aforementioned UNESCO Convention and the Model Law “On Cultural Heritage Sites (Monuments of History and Culture)” into its domestic legislation.

In the mentioned country, the role and significance of the sphere of cultural heritage protection is growing significantly every year. This is due to the increase in the growth of modern public activity and awareness. Therefore, the correct approach, support and further ensuring the sustainable functioning of the monuments of the Republic of Uzbekistan is a strategic goal of state development. The primary task of state authorities, specialized institutions and public organizations in the field of culture of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the preservation and effective use of cultural heritage monuments and their involvement in the sphere of socio-cultural activities and tourism.

It is very important to preserve the monuments of the past in a worthy form for posterity. To do this, it is necessary to strengthen the educational component of involving young people in culture and its heritage, and to properly organize training, both in the higher education system and in the system of advanced training of personnel in various legal aspects of cultural heritage protection, as well as to pay special attention to the popularization of cultural heritage.

Today, a fairly effective mechanism for the preservation of cultural heritage has been developed in the world. A large role, of course, belongs to international monument protection organizations, but the main work on the protection of monuments still belongs to the national legislation and cultural heritage protection bodies of specific states, which we see in the example of the Republic of Uzbekistan.