Philosophy of Science and Artificial Intelligence: The Deconstruction of the Subject and a New Ontology of Cognition

Abstract

This article offers a philosophical and methodological analysis of the phenomenon of artificial intelligence within the context of transformations in contemporary scientific knowledge. Particular attention is given to the changing conceptions of the subject, the nature of truth, the structure of knowledge, and the ontology of digital reality. The study explores how the algorithmization of thought, the automation of analytical processes, and the expansion of hybrid cognitive systems are influencing philosophical perspectives on subjectivity, rationality, and the limits of scientific understanding. To address these issues, the article employs both anthropological and analytical approaches. A critical examination is conducted of current theoretical frameworks that interpret the shifting cognitive status of the subject in conditions shaped by digital simulation and the functional substitution of human thinking. The analysis further suggests that digital reality is emerging as a distinct ontological domain, in which knowledge arises through the interaction of informational structures rather than through direct representation of the physical world. Consequently, there is a pressing need to revise the methodological foundations of the philosophy of science. This revision should incorporate a humanistic critique of digital technologies and promote critical reflection on the boundaries of delegating intelligence to machine-based systems. Future research should focus on the development of ontological models of hybrid cognition, the exploration of cognitive symbiosis between humans and artificial intelligence, and the re-evaluation of the scientific method in the context of automated knowledge generation.