The problem of justice in the Golden Age of Islam: in the context of the unity of philosophy and ethics

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to examine some issues related to the problem of justice in the Islamic Golden Age in the context of the unity of philosophy and ethics. The author notes that one of the factors that determined the Islamic Golden Age was the widespread practical application of the Quran's moral principles in social relations.

Methods and Methodologies. In addition to general scientific methods, the article makes extensive use of comparative analysis of the works of Islamic scholars, the works of contemporary researchers on issues of justice in philosophy, and an analysis of historical and chronological comparavistics.

The article's novelty lies in its first examination in national social science of the principle of justice, which is deeply ingrained in all Muslim societies and played a vital role in organizing political systems throughout the Islamic world, a consequence of which led to the flourishing of Islamic culture.

Main conclusions. The study concludes that the translation of ancient Greek philosophy and its reconciliation with the fundamental ethical principles of Islam were associated with the rise of the concept of justice. It is noted that Islamic states sought to embrace their ancient heritage and sought to benefit from its rich experience in order to promote morality in society. It is noted that the acceptance of the principle of justice as the highest virtue was repeatedly emphasized by Islamic thinkers. It is noted that during the golden age of Islam, the reconciliation of the principle of justice in the Quran with the principle of justice reflected in ancient Greek philosophical thought became widespread. It is argued that the development of medieval Islamic states was made possible by adherence to the principle of social justice, which permeated all spheres of life. It is emphasized that prominent Islamic thinkers, who attached great importance to the issue of justice, characterized it as the balance of society. Most medieval Islamic scholars defined justice as virtue, and virtue as fairness. It is for this reason that the idea that justice is the greatest human virtue became widespread during the Islamic Golden Age.