British policy towards Iraq after World War I

Abstract

The article analyzes the Great Britain policy in relation to the state of Iraq after the First World War.

Such issues are considered as establishing in the Mesopotamia of the Civil and Military Administration and the struggle against it the Arabian population.  "Watchman of Independence" and "Al Akhd Al Iraqi" headed this struggle. The anti-british uprising of Kurds and Shiites, which took place on the territory of Iraq during 1919-1920, and its consequences are also considered.

The activities of the High Commissioner Percy Koksa, who sought to assist an independent and sovereign state, and the measures he conducted to achieve this goal are described.

The role of V. Churchill as Minister of Colonia, who created the Middle East Department in his Ministry and organized a Cairo conference, which played an important role in the fate of Iraq.

 Separately considered in the chronological sequence of solving the Mosolsky problem - disputes about the membership of the Mosolsky Vilaet between Great Britain and Turkey, which lasted from 1918 to 1926.

In January 1920, a meeting of governments and ministers of foreign affairs of the winners in the First World War took place in Paris in the First World War, which was decided to disconnect Iraq from the Ottoman Empire.

In April of this year, at the conference in San Plo, the mandate of the League of Nations on Iraq and Palestine was transferred to the United Kingdom, which was declared officially in May 1920.

In October 1918, a mudross truce was concluded, which resulted in hostile actions between the Union States and the Ottoman Empire, and in November 1918, the British troops occupied Mosulf Vilaet.

An important component of the development of postwar world politics was the formation of the Anglo-French oil alliance, the so-called "oil Entente", which was aimed at combining efforts, not only get rid of dependence on the supply of strategic raw materials from the United States, and  to master the rich sources in Mesopotamia, without allegation of a steady rival.

In April 1920, during the conference in San Remo, a representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France and the head of the British oil department signed an agreement in which the ways of interaction in the oil industry in the Middle East were determined.

In November 1922, the Losan Conference began its work, which was  aimed at concluding a peace treaty.

 Another conference on which the issue of Mosul was  considered, took place in May-June 1924 in Istanbul. And it could not solve this issue. On October 29, 1924, this issue was issued to the Nations League's extraordinary session that held in Brussels.

The conflict was decided on July 5, 1926 in Ankara as a result of signing a three-sided agreement between Great Britain, Iraq and Turkey. Under this agreement, Turkey refused to Mosque Vilaet and recognized the Brussels line as a border with Iraq.