Political and Law Enforcement Transformations in Uzhhorod in 1916

Анотація

This study aims to provide a detailed overview of the process of electing a police chief in Uzhhorod in 1916, as this event brought about significant changes not only in local public life but also in administration. This period was particularly complex in the history of Uzhhorod, as amid political and social changes, the role of the police extended beyond maintaining public order. It was also closely tied to the exercise of power and the representation of the local community’s interests. Objective. The year 1916 was a troubled time in the city’s history due to the military situation of World War I and the resulting local political uncertainties. These uncertainties were triggered by the unexpected death of Mayor Mihály Finczicky, which disrupted the local elite’s plan to install their own appointed candidate in the mayoral seat through a “peaceful transfer of power”. The Kende, Török, and Sztáray families had chosen the then-current police chief, István Berzeviczy, for this role. Their choice was unsurprising, as Berzeviczy had repeatedly proven his loyalty to the local economic and political elite. However, a problem arose: if elected mayor, Berzeviczy could not hold both positions simultaneously – he could not be both mayor and police chief. This led to the police chief election in Uzhhorod on November 5, 1916. The Uzhhorod City Council announced a national call for applications for the vacant position in March 1916, which was won by Dr. Pál Bóna. Born in the town of Makó, he completed his studies at the State Secondary Grammar School of Makó. He began his police career in his hometown, first as a patrol officer, and by 1910, he had already been serving as first deputy police chief. According to contemporary sources, he was a strict figure who demanded order and discipline from his subordinates. He held the position of police chief in Uzhhorod until February 24, 1919, and after the change of imperial authority, he continued his career in Budapest until his death. Methods. This study is based on the research and categorisation of contemporary archival sources, which together reveal a complex historical narrative for readers. Results. Drawing on archival sources, this study presents a multifaceted picture of the changes that occurred in 1916 and influenced the life of the city of Uzhhorod. Conclusions. István Berzeviczy’s election as mayor marked a significant turning point in his life, prompting his resignation from the post of police chief. A national call for applications was issued for the vacant position, open only to citizens who met specific criteria. The selection process progressed slowly, and public opinion raised concerns that Berzeviczy intended to hold both the police chief and mayoral positions simultaneously. Ultimately, after evaluating the submitted applications, Dr. Pál Bóna – who had previously served in law enforcement in the city of Makó – was appointed police chief. He led Uzhhorod’s police force until the end of World War I.